Click here to view Specification of Automotive Gas Oil (AGO)
Automotive Gas Oil (AGO Diesel), also known as diesel, is generated from crude distillation process. It is used to efficiently power internal combustion diesel engines. Automotive gas oil (AGO) diesel fuel in general is any liquid fuel used in diesel engines, whose fuel ignition takes place, without any spark, as a result of compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel. (Glowplugs, grid heaters and block heaters help to achieve high temperatures for combustion during engine startup in cold weather.) Diesel engines have found broad use as a result of higher thermodynamic efficiency and thus fuel efficiency. This is particularly noted where diesel engines are run at part–load; as their air supply is not throttled as in a petrol engine, their efficiency still remains very high.
Automotive Gas Oil (AGO) Diesel, is the name given to fuel intended for use in road vehicles (Trucks, Buses, Vans and Cars) powered by diesel engines.
Automotive Gas Oil (AGO) Diesel is used in two main types of vehicles:
* Heavy duty vehicles, such as trucks and buses, and
* Light duty vehicles, such as vans and passenger cars.
Automative Gas Oil Diesel engines are usually and widely are used in really heavy duty vehicles. Such vehicles are frequently operated in fleets and are re–fuelled centrally with fuel delivered direct from the supplier. In the light duty vehicle sector, recent advances in engine design now also allow light duty diesel engines to compete with gasoline engines on performance grounds.
Light duty vehicles are generally re–fuelled through retail outlets. Although the emphasis differs, in both sectors the customers will be generally looking for fuel that provides Economy, Power, Reliability and Environmental acceptability.
The most common type of Automative Gas Oil (AGO) diesel fuel is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum fuel oil, but alternatives that are not derived from petroleum, such as biodiesel, biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL) diesel, are increasingly being developed and adopted. To distinguish these types, petroleum–derived diesel is increasingly called petrodiesel.
Standard Specification of Automotive Gas Oil (AGO)Click here to view Standard Specification for Diesel - D2
Diesel Gasoil (D2) is a group of petroleum distillation products having boiling points between Kerosene and Lubricating Oil. The term originally referred to the product of oil gas works that was added to the product of coal gas works to produce improved illuminating gas. Small molecules like those in Propane, Naphtha, Gasoline for cars, and Jet Fuel have relatively low boiling points, and they are removed at the start of the fractional distillation process.
Diesel Gasoil (D2) is an abbreviation for Gas oil. It is the second distillate from the processing of crude oil. It can be used without reformers and additives. D2 has helped in a major reduction of wasted energy, pollution and waste.
Diesel Gasoil (D2) is any liquid fuel used in diesel engines, whose fuel ignition takes place without any spark, as a result of compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel.
Truckers use Diesel #2 to carry heavy loads for long distances at sustained speeds because it’s less volatile than Diesel #1 and provides greater fuel economy. Diesel fuel also is measured by its viscosity. Diesel #1 flows more easily than Diesel #2, so it’s more efficient at lower temperatures.
It is a heavy oil and it is created by a process of fractional distillation of petroleum. It is used as a fuel for automotive applications and in heating. Diesel engines are used worldwide due to higher thermodynamic efficiency and thus fuel efficiently. Gas oil, which is used in off–road vehicles is often called red diesel. Heavier petroleum products like diesel fuel and lubricating oil are much less volatile and distill out more slowly, while bunker oil is literally the bottom of the barrel; in oil distilling, the only things denser than bunker fuel are carbon black feedstock and bituminous residue (Asphalt), which is used for paving roads and sealing roofs.
The 305-82 version of D2 has a lower sulphur content. The GOST 305-82 variant of Gas oil and D2 meets the ISO industry standards with a suplhur content of 0.2% maximum. This low sulphur content refers to Ultra Low Sulphur Fuel. D2 Oil GOST 305-82 also creates less pollution. Since 2006, nearly all of the petroleum–based diesel fuels available in North America and Europe have been of a ULSD type.
Standard Specification for Diesel - D2 Lo.02/62 GOST 305-82:Click here to view Standard Specification for Diesel D6 Virgine Fuel Oil
D6 Virgin Fuel Oil is also being known as Residual Fuel Oil and is of High-Viscosity. This particular Fuel Oil requires preheating to 220 to 260 Degree F (= 104, 44-126, 66 Degree C).
D6 Virgin Fuel Oil is mostly used for generators. Recent changes in fuel quality regulation now require further refining of the D6 in order to remove the sulfur, which leads to a higher cost. Despite this recent change, D6 is still less useful because of its viscosity as well as that it needs to be pre–heated before it can be used and contains high amounts of pollutants, such as sulfur. Since it requires pre–heating, it cannot be used in small ships or boats or cars. However large ships and power plants can use the residual fuel oil.
D6 Virgin Fuel Oil is a type of residual fuel, mainly used in power plants and larger ships. It is not possible to use it in smaller engines or vessels / vehicles where it is not possible to pre-heat it. D6 is its name in the USA. In other parts of the world it has other names.
Residual means the material remaining after the more valuable cuts of crude oil have boiled off. The residue may contain various undesirable impurities including 2% water and 1.5% percent mineral soil. D6 fuel is also known as residual fuel oil (RFO), by the Navy specification of Bunker C, or by the Pacific Specification of PS-400.
Recent changes in fuel quality regulation now require further refining of the D6 in order to remove the sulfur. It leads to a higher cost. Despite this recent change. D6 Virgin Fuel Oil D6 is still less useful because of its viscosity. It also needs to be pre–heated before it can be used. It contains high amounts of pollutants, such as sulfur.
The price of D6 Diesel traditionally rises during colder months as demand for heating oil rises, which is refined in much the same way. In many parts of the United States and throughout the United Kingdom and Australia, D6 Diesel may be priced higher than petrol.
D6 Diesel Standards and Classification CCAI and CII are two indexes which describe the ignition quality of residual fuel oil. The CCAI is especially often calculated for marine fuels. Despite this marine fuels are still quoted on the international bunker markets with their maximum viscosity. It is set by the ISO 8217 standard (see below) due to the fact that marine engines are designed to use different viscosities of fuel.
The unit of viscosity used is the Centistokes and the D6 fuel most frequently quoted are listed below in order of cost, the least expensive first:
* IFO 380 - Intermediate D6 Fuel Oil with a Maximum Viscosity of 380 Centistokes.
* IFO 180 - Intermediate D6 Fuel Oil with a Maximum Viscosity of 180 Centistokes.
* LS 380 - Low Sulphur (<1.5%) Intermediate D6 Fuel Oil with a Maximum Viscosity of 380 Centistokes.
* LS 180 - Low Sulphur (<1.5%) Intermediate D6 Fuel Oil with a Maximum Viscosity of 180 Centistokes.
* MDO - Marine Diesel Oil.
* MGO - Marine Gasoil.
Russia is one of the big producers of D6 Fuel Oil and main refineries in Russia produce this product in large quantities. D6 Virgin Fuel Oil has a very good quality and can be supplied to customers around the world.
Standard Specification for Diesel D6 Virgine Fuel Oil:Click here to view Specification of Diesel EN590-10ppm Click here to view Specification of Diesel EN590-50ppm
EN590 (Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel) describes the physical properties that all automotive diesel fuel must meet if it is to be sold in the European Union and Britain. Automotive diesel has national variants but the usual variants traded are EN590 and EN560 which are specified by ISO in Paris.
EN590 Diesel for diesel (in Europe) has been around for almost 20 years. However fuel, like most products, is subject to a process of continuous development and that development includes responding to legislation. The standard has been amended many times since 1993.
It had been introduced along with the European emission standards. With each of its revisions the EN590 had been adapted to lower the Sulphur content of diesel fuel. Since 2007 this is called Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel as the former function of sulphur as a lubricant is absent (and needs to be replaced by additives).
The quality of European diesel fuels is specified by the EN590 standard. While these specifications not are mandatory, they are observed by all fuel suppliers in Europe. Automobile diesel EN590 is intended for application in diesel engines. Diesel motor fuel quality meets the requirements of European Standard EN590.
For operation in the conditions of a temperate climate following marks of fuel diesel automobile EN 590 are offered:
* Grade C - limiting filterability temperature -5 degree Celius,
* Grade D - limiting filterability temperature -10 degree Celius,
* Grade E - limiting filterability temperature -15 degree Celius, and
* Grade F - limiting filterability temperature -20 degree Celius.
The entire volume of produced diesel fuel quality meets the requirements for fuels for vehicles of Euro 4 and Euro 5. Low sulfur content reduces emissions of sulfur oxides into the atmosphere, which is especially important for inhabitants of big cities.
It is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization that describes the physical properties that all automotive diesel fuel must meet if it is to be sold in the European Union and several other European countries.
Many countries in Europe require diesel fuel to meet a specific class in winter times. In Central and Western Europe the Winter Diesel must meet Class F conditions at least from the beginning of December to the end of February. During a transitional period (mostly October and April) a lower Class must be met. In the Scandinavian countries the Winter Diesel must meet Class 2 conditions. Some mineral groups offer both types commonly known as Winter Diesel and Arctic Diesel.
Standard Specification of Diesel EN590:
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